与ナ形容词的变化形式相同,其连用形，连体形分别是ように，ような。
Conjugating na-adjectives, this becomes ように and ような in the continuative and attributive forms.
将事物的状态・性质・形状及动作的状态,比喻成与此不同的其他的事物；不仅可以比喻成同一性质的事物,也可以比喻成完全是其他想像的事物；多附在名词或动词后面使用,偶尔也可以像例(6)那样附在イ形容词之后,但是不能附在ナ形容词之后；另外,有时也可伴随着像以下的あたかも、いかにも、さながら、まるで、ちょうど等表示添加意思的副词一起使用；
Used to liken a situation, quality, form, or action to something which is essentially different. Not only used to liken a thing to something with similar properties but also to entirely distinct, fanciful, things. Often attached to nouns and verbs but, occasionally, as in example (6), also attached to i-adjectives. However, cannot be attached to na-adjectives. Also, sometimes used with accompanying adverbs which are used to express similes, such as あたかも, いかにも, さながら, まるで and ちょうど.
有很多习惯、固定的用语；惯用表达方式除此之外还有雲をつかむような話/竹を割ったような性格/血のにじむような努力/手が切れるような新札/飛ぶように売れる/目を皿のようにして探す(不着边际的事/心直口快的性格/艰苦的努力/崭新的钞票/畅销/瞪大眼睛寻找)等；
口语中经常使用みたいだ。另外,书面语有时也使用ごとし。
Often appears in customary, fixed expressions. Idiomatic expressions other than those which appear here are: 雲をつかむような話／竹を割ったような性格／血のにじむような努力／手が切れるような新札／飛ぶように売れる／目を皿のようにして探す (a vague story/a straightforward character/to sweat blood/a crisp new note/to sell like hot cakes/to search with wide eyes) .
In speech, みたいだ is often used. Furthermore, in writing ごとし can also be used.
接动词的词典形，タ形,表示实际上不是那样,可是做的或感觉到的却像是那样的状态；多用于列举说明与事实矛盾或假想的事物时；
Taking the dictionary or ta-form of a verb, expresses that, although in reality (it) is not the case, one’s conduct or feeling is that it is. It is often used in cases which pick out things as examples which are inconsistent with reality or are imaginary.
在以Y叙述的事物和性质或内容、方法等方面,将一致的具体的人物或事物作为例子列举时,使用XようにY的形式；例(4)的意思是摹仿动作,例(5)可以和とおりに互换使用；
表示＜比喻＞的[ようだ1,是将本来与其不同的别的事物比喻成宛如…,而本句型的用法是将具有和Y同一性质或内容的X作为具体的例子列举出来；但是,这两种用法有时是相关联的,很难将其清楚地加以区别；
Taking the form XようにY, used to give a specific person or thing as an example of conformity/consistency in quality, content or method with Y. Example (4) means “to imitate an action” and (5) can be rephrased as とおりに.
In contrast to Usage 1 inようだ〈simile〉, an expression which compares an essentially different and distinct thing to X in the phrase まるでXのように, with this usage X is given as an example of a specific thing which shares a property or content with Y. However, it is not always possible to distinguish between these two usages.
将后续名词所表示的具体内容作为例子表示时使用该句型；比如在みかんのような果物中,后面的名词则表示含有前面的名词在内的以及比其更高一层的意思；接短句时没有ような也成立,不过在意思上会产生不同；比如从例(7)中去掉ような说成薬を飲んでもよくならない場合的话,是只限于那种特定场合的表达方式,但是要说成薬を飲んでもよくならないような場合的话,意思就是这以外还会有各种情况,不过比如在这种情况下；
Used to give a concrete example of the noun which follows it. For example, in みかんのような果物(a fruit like an orange), the latter noun represents a higher concept than the former. When continued after a clause, the sentence can be valid without ような but there will be some difference in the meaning if it is included or not. For example, if ような is removed from (7) as 薬を飲んでもよくならない場合 it refers to a specific situation where “the condition does not improve after taking the medicine,” but in case of 薬を飲んでもよくならないような場合 then it means “cases like when you take the medicine but the condition does not improve” indicating that there are many other similar situations.
表示前面所叙述的事物或已知的事实与要说的事物是一致的,用于后面要进行说明的引言,可以和とおり互换使用。
Shows that what is about to be said is consistent with what has been stated previously or is a well-known fact. Used to give notice that further explanation is about to be given. Can be replaced with とおり.
用于事先预告,之后表示具体内容；在竖写的文章中,有时也用右のように(/如右所示…)，左のように(/如左所示…)来表示。
Used to announce that concrete detail is to follow. In vertical text compositions, 右のように and 左のように are also used.
用于名词或ナ形容词时,除Nの/Naなようだ之外还有N/Naだったようだ，N/Naじゃないようだ等形式。
As well as the form Nの／Naなようだ, nouns and na-adjctives can also take the forms N／Naだったようだ and N／Naじゃないようだ.
表示说话人对事物所具有的印象或推测性的判断；就事物的外表或自己的感觉,总有那种感觉/看上去就像那样,抓住其印象或外表来表示的形式；用于通过说话人身体的感觉・视觉・听觉・味觉等来叙述所抓住的印象或状态,并综合那些观察来叙述说话人推测性的判断时；
Shows the speaker’s impression or conjectural judgement about things. Used in cases where the speaker synthesizes their observations regarding the outward appearance of a thing or their own sensations. This is done through the expression of the speaker’s physical sensations, the senses of sight, hearing, taste and so on, by the speaker saying such things as “for some reason there is such a feeling/(it) looks such a way” and results in the passing of a conjectural judgement.
B:ええ、そのようですね。中A: 下起雨来了呵；
B: 啊,好像是。ENA: It started to rain.
B: Yes, it seems like it.
这是委婉的表示方法,这个例子也可以不使用ようだ而使用そうですね。ようだ是避开判断,对对方客气地表达意思时使用,多伴着どうやら、どうも、何となく、何だか等副词一起使用；在随意的口语中使用みたいだ。
そのようだ and そんなようだ can be used in cases where something already detailed is accepted in the following manner.
As this is a roundabout way of saying this, そうですね is an example of how this can be said without using ようだ. In this way, ようだ is used to avoid or moderate conclusive expressions which contrast with those of the other party and is often used with adverbs such as どうやら, どうも, 何となく and 何だか.
在ような的后面接续気、感じ、予感等名词,表示和以ようだ结尾时大体相同的意思；
When nouns such as 気, 感じ and 予感 are attached to ような the meaning is roughly the same as in cases which end with ようだ.
在ように后面接续おもう、おもわれる、みえる、感じる等表示思考或感觉的动词,一般用于叙述感觉・印象的内容或婉转地叙述自己的主张时；
Taking a verb which expresses a thought or sensation such as おもう(think), おもわれる(appear), みえる(appear) or 感じる(feel) after ように, this is used to state one’s sensations, impressions, or opinions, in a roundabout way.
意思是那样的话,后面伴随着与期望相反的事物或困る/だめだ等负面评价的表达方式。
Means “in such a situation.” Expressions which give a negative judgement such as 困る／だめだ and things which are contrary to expectations come afterwards.
表示的意思是刚开始看是这样的印象,可是…。一般多使用一見/見かけは…ようで、実際は…这样的形式,表示与实际性质不同的事；有时也可以说…ようだが。
Means “from appearances, gives this kind of impression but....” Often takes the form 一見／見かけは...ようで、実際は... and shows that a thing’s real nature differs. ...ようだが can also be used.
…ようでもあるし 既是…又是…一样(似的)，又…又…一样；
列举正相反的或矛盾的内容,表示说话人对某一事物有着相互矛盾的感觉，印象。…ようでもあるし是书面语。
Expressing opposing details or contradictory things, shows that significantly contrasting or inconsistent sensations and impressions co-exist within the speaker. ...ようでもあるし is a written expression.
用法与前面的6类似,但这是口语；
This is used in a similar way to Usage 6 above but is more often used as a spoken expression than Usage 6 above.
是ようだ的表示条件的形式,意思是那样的情况下。在书面语中,也可使用…ようであれば。
Where ようだ demonstrates a condition, means “in case.” ...ようであれば is also used in writing.
与ナ形容词的变化形式相同,其连用形，连体形分别是ように，ような。
Conjugating na-adjectives, this becomes ように and ような in the continuative and attributive forms.
将事物的状态・性质・形状及动作的状态,比喻成与此不同的其他的事物；不仅可以比喻成同一性质的事物,也可以比喻成完全是其他想像的事物；多附在名词或动词后面使用,偶尔也可以像例(6)那样附在イ形容词之后,但是不能附在ナ形容词之后；另外,有时也可伴随着像以下的あたかも、いかにも、さながら、まるで、ちょうど等表示添加意思的副词一起使用；
Used to liken a situation, quality, form, or action to something which is essentially different. Not only used to liken a thing to something with similar properties but also to entirely distinct, fanciful, things. Often attached to nouns and verbs but, occasionally, as in example (6), also attached to i-adjectives. However, cannot be attached to na-adjectives. Also, sometimes used with accompanying adverbs which are used to express similes, such as あたかも, いかにも, さながら, まるで and ちょうど.
有很多习惯、固定的用语；惯用表达方式除此之外还有雲をつかむような話/竹を割ったような性格/血のにじむような努力/手が切れるような新札/飛ぶように売れる/目を皿のようにして探す(不着边际的事/心直口快的性格/艰苦的努力/崭新的钞票/畅销/瞪大眼睛寻找)等；
口语中经常使用みたいだ。另外,书面语有时也使用ごとし。
Often appears in customary, fixed expressions. Idiomatic expressions other than those which appear here are: 雲をつかむような話／竹を割ったような性格／血のにじむような努力／手が切れるような新札／飛ぶように売れる／目を皿のようにして探す (a vague story/a straightforward character/to sweat blood/a crisp new note/to sell like hot cakes/to search with wide eyes) .
In speech, みたいだ is often used. Furthermore, in writing ごとし can also be used.
接动词的词典形，タ形,表示实际上不是那样,可是做的或感觉到的却像是那样的状态；多用于列举说明与事实矛盾或假想的事物时；
Taking the dictionary or ta-form of a verb, expresses that, although in reality (it) is not the case, one’s conduct or feeling is that it is. It is often used in cases which pick out things as examples which are inconsistent with reality or are imaginary.
在以Y叙述的事物和性质或内容、方法等方面,将一致的具体的人物或事物作为例子列举时,使用XようにY的形式；例(4)的意思是摹仿动作,例(5)可以和とおりに互换使用；
表示＜比喻＞的[ようだ1,是将本来与其不同的别的事物比喻成宛如…,而本句型的用法是将具有和Y同一性质或内容的X作为具体的例子列举出来；但是,这两种用法有时是相关联的,很难将其清楚地加以区别；
Taking the form XようにY, used to give a specific person or thing as an example of conformity/consistency in quality, content or method with Y. Example (4) means “to imitate an action” and (5) can be rephrased as とおりに.
In contrast to Usage 1 inようだ〈simile〉, an expression which compares an essentially different and distinct thing to X in the phrase まるでXのように, with this usage X is given as an example of a specific thing which shares a property or content with Y. However, it is not always possible to distinguish between these two usages.
将后续名词所表示的具体内容作为例子表示时使用该句型；比如在みかんのような果物中,后面的名词则表示含有前面的名词在内的以及比其更高一层的意思；接短句时没有ような也成立,不过在意思上会产生不同；比如从例(7)中去掉ような说成薬を飲んでもよくならない場合的话,是只限于那种特定场合的表达方式,但是要说成薬を飲んでもよくならないような場合的话,意思就是这以外还会有各种情况,不过比如在这种情况下；
Used to give a concrete example of the noun which follows it. For example, in みかんのような果物(a fruit like an orange), the latter noun represents a higher concept than the former. When continued after a clause, the sentence can be valid without ような but there will be some difference in the meaning if it is included or not. For example, if ような is removed from (7) as 薬を飲んでもよくならない場合 it refers to a specific situation where “the condition does not improve after taking the medicine,” but in case of 薬を飲んでもよくならないような場合 then it means “cases like when you take the medicine but the condition does not improve” indicating that there are many other similar situations.
表示前面所叙述的事物或已知的事实与要说的事物是一致的,用于后面要进行说明的引言,可以和とおり互换使用。
Shows that what is about to be said is consistent with what has been stated previously or is a well-known fact. Used to give notice that further explanation is about to be given. Can be replaced with とおり.
用于事先预告,之后表示具体内容；在竖写的文章中,有时也用右のように(/如右所示…)，左のように(/如左所示…)来表示。
Used to announce that concrete detail is to follow. In vertical text compositions, 右のように and 左のように are also used.
用于名词或ナ形容词时,除Nの/Naなようだ之外还有N/Naだったようだ，N/Naじゃないようだ等形式。
As well as the form Nの／Naなようだ, nouns and na-adjctives can also take the forms N／Naだったようだ and N／Naじゃないようだ.
表示说话人对事物所具有的印象或推测性的判断；就事物的外表或自己的感觉,总有那种感觉/看上去就像那样,抓住其印象或外表来表示的形式；用于通过说话人身体的感觉・视觉・听觉・味觉等来叙述所抓住的印象或状态,并综合那些观察来叙述说话人推测性的判断时；
Shows the speaker’s impression or conjectural judgement about things. Used in cases where the speaker synthesizes their observations regarding the outward appearance of a thing or their own sensations. This is done through the expression of the speaker’s physical sensations, the senses of sight, hearing, taste and so on, by the speaker saying such things as “for some reason there is such a feeling/(it) looks such a way” and results in the passing of a conjectural judgement.
B:ええ、そのようですね。中A: 下起雨来了呵；
B: 啊,好像是。ENA: It started to rain.
B: Yes, it seems like it.
这是委婉的表示方法,这个例子也可以不使用ようだ而使用そうですね。ようだ是避开判断,对对方客气地表达意思时使用,多伴着どうやら、どうも、何となく、何だか等副词一起使用；在随意的口语中使用みたいだ。
そのようだ and そんなようだ can be used in cases where something already detailed is accepted in the following manner.
As this is a roundabout way of saying this, そうですね is an example of how this can be said without using ようだ. In this way, ようだ is used to avoid or moderate conclusive expressions which contrast with those of the other party and is often used with adverbs such as どうやら, どうも, 何となく and 何だか.
在ような的后面接续気、感じ、予感等名词,表示和以ようだ结尾时大体相同的意思；
When nouns such as 気, 感じ and 予感 are attached to ような the meaning is roughly the same as in cases which end with ようだ.
在ように后面接续おもう、おもわれる、みえる、感じる等表示思考或感觉的动词,一般用于叙述感觉・印象的内容或婉转地叙述自己的主张时；
Taking a verb which expresses a thought or sensation such as おもう(think), おもわれる(appear), みえる(appear) or 感じる(feel) after ように, this is used to state one’s sensations, impressions, or opinions, in a roundabout way.
意思是那样的话,后面伴随着与期望相反的事物或困る/だめだ等负面评价的表达方式。
Means “in such a situation.” Expressions which give a negative judgement such as 困る／だめだ and things which are contrary to expectations come afterwards.
表示的意思是刚开始看是这样的印象,可是…。一般多使用一見/見かけは…ようで、実際は…这样的形式,表示与实际性质不同的事；有时也可以说…ようだが。
Means “from appearances, gives this kind of impression but....” Often takes the form 一見／見かけは...ようで、実際は... and shows that a thing’s real nature differs. ...ようだが can also be used.
…ようでもあるし 既是…又是…一样(似的)，又…又…一样；
列举正相反的或矛盾的内容,表示说话人对某一事物有着相互矛盾的感觉，印象。…ようでもあるし是书面语。
Expressing opposing details or contradictory things, shows that significantly contrasting or inconsistent sensations and impressions co-exist within the speaker. ...ようでもあるし is a written expression.
用法与前面的6类似,但这是口语；
This is used in a similar way to Usage 6 above but is more often used as a spoken expression than Usage 6 above.
是ようだ的表示条件的形式,意思是那样的情况下。在书面语中,也可使用…ようであれば。
Where ようだ demonstrates a condition, means “in case.” ...ようであれば is also used in writing.
〜ようだ
意味五感を使って話し手が感じたこと、推量したことを言う表現
接続
V（普通形） + ようです
イA（普通形）+ ようです
ナA（普通形）+ ようです ※ナAな + ようです
N（普通形）+ ようです ※Nの + ようです
例文
- 彼はお腹が空いているようです。
- さっき雨が降ったようです。
- あの二人は喧嘩したようです。
- トムさんは試験に合格したようです。
- 事故があったようで、たくさんの人が集まっている。
- あのレストランは人がたくさん並んでいるし、人気があるようです。
- どうやら 彼は留守のようです。
- 彼は昨日あまり寝てないようです。
- この家からいい匂いがする。どうやら晩ご飯はカレーのようだ。
- （福袋を触って）中に傘が入っているようだ。
意味
「ようだ」よりも前に「まるで」と「たとえば」を置いてみる。
「まるで」が当てはまれば比喩、「たとえば」が当てはまれば例示。
例
比喩： 彼は（まるで）日本人のように、流暢な日本語を話す。
例示：（例えば）トムさんのように日本語が上手に話せるようになりたい。
意味
他の物に例える表現（比喩）。
接続
まるで + N + のようだ
まるで + N1 + のような + N2
まるで + N + のように + V / イA
備考
「まるで」は省略して使うこともできる。
「まるで〜みたい」と言うこともできるが、こちらは口語的。
例文
- ジェームスさんはまるで日本人のように日本語を話す。
- トムさんとのデートはまるで夢のような時間だった。
- うちの夫は一人で何もできないし、まるで赤ちゃんのようだ。
- ジェシカさんは背が高くて、スタイルもいいし、まるでモデルのようだ。
- 先生はちょっと間違えただけで怒るし、まるで鬼のようだ。
- 明日から夏休みなので、山のような宿題が出た。
- 彼女が買いた犬の絵は本当に素晴らしい。まるで生きているようだ。
- ジェームスさんは歌がすごく上手だし、歌手のようだ。
- ひどい風。まるで嵐のようですね。
- 娘は天使のように可愛い。
- 彼は魚のように泳ぐのが上手だ
- 彼はビールを水のようにガブガブと飲んだ。
- 母は怒ると鬼のように怖い。
- まだまだ仕事が山のように残っている。
