ほしい
B:そうね。
B: 是啊,真想要一套新衣服;ENA: What do you want for a birthday present?
B: Well, I guess I want some new clothes.(3)
表示说话人想弄到手,想使其成为自己的东西的欲望要求(疑问句时表示听话者的愿望要求);ほしい是表示感情的形容词,句末以断定形式使用时,只限于例(1)那样表示说话人本身的愿望或例(2)那样询问听话者的要求;直接表示第三者的欲望时不能使用;表示第三者愿望时应使用…は…をほしがっている,…がほしいようだ等表达方式。
Expresses the speaker’s desire to obtain or to have as his own. Being an adjective of emotion, ほしい in the declarative form can be used either in indicating the speaker’s desire as shown in example (1) or asking the listener what s/he desires as in the case of (2). The declarative form ほしい at the end of a sentence cannot be used to indicate the wishes/desires of a third-person sentence’s subject. The third person’s wishes and desires must be expressed in the form ...は...をほしがっている or ...がほしいようだ.
但是,像例(5)那样,在视点可以自由移动的小说的叙述部分中,在句末使用断定形式问题也不大;另外,像例(2)那样直接询问对方要求时,限于关系较密切的人;需要礼貌程度时,应避免砂糖がほしいですか的说法,而使用砂糖はいかがですか,即尽量不使用ほしい。
When the perspective can shift freely, for example, in narrative fiction as shown in (5), it is possible to use a declarative form at the end of a sentence. Also, it must be noted that, as in the case of (2), a direct inquiry about the listener’s desire or wish can only be made when the speaker and the listener are in a close relationship. In a polite situation, it is better to avoid using ほしい (e.g. 砂糖がほしいですか) and use indirect expressions such as 砂糖はいかがですか.
B:
B: 不希望连你也说那种话;ENA: It may be that our company was also to blame.
B: I wouldn’t like to hear that sort of thing from you, of all people.
表示说话人对自己以外的人的希望或要求;是我想请您…,希望能保持这种状态之意,有时像例(1),(2)那样表示希望他为我做点什么,或像例(3),(4)那样表示希望他处于某种状态・成为某种状态。
使用否定形时,有V-ないでほしい和V-てほしくない两种用法。V-ないでほしい作为…しないでください这种期望的表达方式经常像例(5)那样被使用(有关期望表达方式,可参照3);使用V-ほしくない时,一般像例(6)那样和听话人无关地叙述自己的愿望或像例(7)那样对听话人所做出的行为给与指责;
Indicates the speaker’s wish or request for someone else to do something. Means “I would like the other person to do V,” as in examples (1) and (2), or “I want things to remain the way they are,” as in examples (3) and (4).
There are two negative forms of V-てほしい: V-ないでほしい and V-てほしくない. As in the case of example (5), V-ないでほしい is often used in place of V-ないでください, when asking the other person not to do V. V-てほしくない can be used in two situations: when the speaker states his wish that does not affect the listener as in the case of example (6), or when the speaker is criticizing the listener’s action as in the case of (7).
表示盼望某种状态产生;对象为人时,像用法2a那样以Nに来表示,但是像例(1)~(5)那样盼望某种状态产生时要用が来表示。
Indicates that the speaker is wishing for a certain event to take place. When the object in question is a person, it takes the form Nに as seen in 2a. If what is wished for is an event, as in the cases of examples (1)-(5), Nが is used.
表示说话者欲望的想得到N我想请您…,根据情况不同有时会成为间接请求的表达方式;像ほしいんですが…,ほしいんだけど…这样欲说又止的说法,有客气的感觉,是一种委婉的拜托方式。
Nがほしい or V-てほしい, which indicates the speaker’s desire or wish, can be used as an indirect request. When expressed with a degree of hesitation such as ほしいんですが... and ほしいんだけど..., the request sounds politer and softer.
店员:是这个吗?谢谢;EN客きゃく: Customer: Excuse me. I would like this one, please.
Assistant: This one, madam? Thank you very much.(2)
顾客:是啊,不过我想要更亮丽一些的…;ENAssistant: How about something like this?
客きゃく: Customer: Ah, yes, but I want something in a little brighter color.(3)《
A:
B:いいよ。ちょっと
A: 我想要杯水……
B: 好啊,请稍等;EN《at a friend’s house》
A: Can I have a glass of water?
B: Sure. Wait a minute.(4)《おもちゃ
孩子:妈妈,我想买这个;
母亲:不行,今天什么都不买;EN《at a toy shop》
Child: Mom, I want this.
Mother: No. I’m not buying you anything today.
叙述说话者想得到某种东西的欲望要求,是间接请求的表达方式;经常使用像例(1),(2)すみません。Nがほしいんですが/ですけど的说法。
Indicates what the speaker wants to obtain and is used by the speaker as an indirect request. It is often used as a set phrase すみません。Nがほしいんですが/ですけど as shown in examples (1) and (2).
店员:好,您稍等一下;EN客きゃく: Customer: Since it’s a present, I’d like you to put a ribbon on it.
Assistant: Certainly. One moment, please.(2)A:
B:うん、わかった。中A: 希望你今天能早点回来…;
B: 嗯,知道了;ENA: I would like you to come home early today, if you can.
B: OK, I will.(3)A:
B:ああ、いいですよ。中A: 想和田中先生说说下周的安排……
B: 啊,可以呀;ENA: I wonder if you would let Tanaka-san know next week’s schedule.
B: All right.(4)あしたは
叙述说话人想让听话人做某种行为的愿望,是间接地表示请求的表达形式;表示不要做的期望时,使用例(4)V-ないでほしい的形式。例(5),(6)用于男性,给人以压制感;
V-てほしい(んだけれど) is used as an indirect request, asking the listener to perform a certain action indicated by the verb V. When the speaker asks the listener not to take a certain action, V-ないでほしい is used. Examples (5) and (6) are normally used by men, and suggest that they are putting pressure on the listener.
B:ああ、いいよ。中A: 希望允许我下周休假……
B: 啊,行啊;ENA: Would it be possible for me to take time off next week?
B: Yes, you can.(2)この
以(私に)Vさせてほしいんですが/けれど的形式,用于说话人对自己将要进行的行为求得许可时;
Taking the form(私に)Vさせてほしいんですが/けれど, this is used when the speaker asks for permission to proceed with an action.
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